This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2003-05-28    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
adenylate kinase activity	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-19 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-03-19	Bhaskara V, et al.  (2007) Rad50 adenylate kinase activity regulates DNA tethering by Mre11/Rad50 complexes. Mol Cell 25(5):647-61	SGD
ATPase activity	ISS: Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity Assigned on 2002-09-25	Gorbalenya AE and Koonin EV  (1990) Superfamily of UvrA-related NTP-binding proteins. Implications for rational classification of recombination/repair systems. J Mol Biol 213(4):583-91	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-10-14	Chen L, et al.  (2005) Effect of amino acid substitutions in the rad50 ATP binding domain on DNA double strand break repair in yeast. J Biol Chem 280(4):2620-7	SGD
double-stranded DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-09-25 IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2002-09-25	Raymond WE and Kleckner N  (1993) RAD50 protein of S.cerevisiae exhibits ATP-dependent DNA binding. Nucleic Acids Res 21(16):3851-6	SGD
double-stranded telomeric DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-09-06	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2007) The Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 Complex Reveals that Rad50 Negatively Regulates Mre11 Endonucleolytic but not the Exonucleolytic Activity. J Mol Biol 372(4):864-82	SGD
G-quadruplex DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-09-06	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2007) The Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 Complex Reveals that Rad50 Negatively Regulates Mre11 Endonucleolytic but not the Exonucleolytic Activity. J Mol Biol 372(4):864-82	SGD
single-stranded telomeric DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-09-06	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2007) The Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 Complex Reveals that Rad50 Negatively Regulates Mre11 Endonucleolytic but not the Exonucleolytic Activity. J Mol Biol 372(4):864-82	SGD
telomeric DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-07-12	Takata H, et al.  (2005) Late S phase-specific recruitment of Mre11 complex triggers hierarchical assembly of telomere replication proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell 17(4):573-83	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
base-excision repair	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-01-04	Steininger S, et al.  (2010) A novel function for the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex in base excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 38(6):1853-65	SGD
double-strand break repair via break-induced replication	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-09-25	Kraus E, et al.  (2001) Break-induced replication: a review and an example in budding yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(15):8255-62	SGD
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2003-05-28	Wilson TE  (2002) A genomics-based screen for yeast mutants with an altered recombination/end-joining repair ratio. Genetics 162(2):677-88	SGD
meiosis	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-19	Bhaskara V, et al.  (2007) Rad50 adenylate kinase activity regulates DNA tethering by Mre11/Rad50 complexes. Mol Cell 25(5):647-61	SGD
meiotic DNA double-strand break formation	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-07-08	Roeder GS  (1997) Meiotic chromosomes: it takes two to tango. Genes Dev 11(20):2600-21	SGD
meiotic DNA double-strand break processing	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-07-08	Roeder GS  (1997) Meiotic chromosomes: it takes two to tango. Genes Dev 11(20):2600-21	SGD
negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-09-06	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2007) The Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 Complex Reveals that Rad50 Negatively Regulates Mre11 Endonucleolytic but not the Exonucleolytic Activity. J Mol Biol 372(4):864-82	SGD
telomere maintenance	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-19	Bhaskara V, et al.  (2007) Rad50 adenylate kinase activity regulates DNA tethering by Mre11/Rad50 complexes. Mol Cell 25(5):647-61	SGD
telomere maintenance via recombination	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-09-25	Chen Q, et al.  (2001) Two survivor pathways that allow growth in the absence of telomerase are generated by distinct telomere recombination events. Mol Cell Biol 21(5):1819-27	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
Mre11 complex	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2004-10-24	Usui T, et al.  (1998) Complex formation and functional versatility of Mre11 of budding yeast in recombination. Cell 95(5):705-16	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-04-03	Usui T, et al.  (1998) Complex formation and functional versatility of Mre11 of budding yeast in recombination. Cell 95(5):705-16	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-12-12	Reinders J, et al.  (2006) Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques for mitochondrial proteomics. J Proteome Res 5(7):1543-54	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-09-28	Sickmann A, et al.  (2003) The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(23):13207-12	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-12-12	Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004584, EBI:IPR007517 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hydrolase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0378 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
metal ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0479 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nuclease activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR007517 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
zinc ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR007517 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004584, EBI:IPR007517 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0234 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
meiosis	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0469 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
response to DNA damage stimulus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0227 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
Mre11 complex	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004584 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).