This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2004-03-27    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
damaged DNA binding	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-11-01	Martin SG, et al.  (1999) Relocalization of telomeric Ku and SIR proteins in response to DNA strand breaks in yeast. Cell 97(5):621-33	SGD
RNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-03-27	Stellwagen AE, et al.  (2003) Ku interacts with telomerase RNA to promote telomere addition at native and broken chromosome ends. Genes Dev 17(19):2384-95	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
chromatin assembly or disassembly	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-11-01	Thrower DA and Bloom K  (2001) Dicentric chromosome stretching during anaphase reveals roles of Sir2/Ku in chromatin compaction in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 12(9):2800-12	SGD
chromatin silencing	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2003-06-17 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-06-17	Boulton SJ and Jackson SP  (1998) Components of the Ku-dependent non-homologous end-joining pathway are involved in telomeric length maintenance and telomeric silencing. EMBO J 17(6):1819-28	SGD
chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SIR1 Assigned on 2008-09-24 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-09-24	Vandre CL, et al.  (2008) The DNA End-Binding Protein Ku Regulates Silencing at the Internal HML and HMR Loci in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 180(3):1407-18	SGD
double-strand break repair via break-induced replication	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:RAD51, SGD:MRE11 Assigned on 2007-03-08 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-08	Krishna S, et al.  (2007) Mre11 and Ku regulation of double-strand break repair by gene conversion and break-induced replication. DNA Repair (Amst) 6(6):797-808	SGD
double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-11-01	Cervelli T and Galli A  (2000) Effects of HDF1 (Ku70) and HDF2 (Ku80) on spontaneous and DNA damage-induced intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet 264(1-2):56-63	SGD
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-11-01	Hegde V and Klein H  (2000) Requirement for the SRS2 DNA helicase gene in non-homologous end joining in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res 28(14):2779-83	SGD
telomere maintenance	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-11-01	Driller L, et al.  (2000) A short C-terminal domain of Yku70p is essential for telomere maintenance. J Biol Chem 275(32):24921-7	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
Ku70:Ku80 complex	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-11-15	Milne GT, et al.  (1996) Mutations in two Ku homologs define a DNA end-joining repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 16(8):4189-98	SGD
nuclear chromatin	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-11-01	Martin SG, et al.  (1999) Relocalization of telomeric Ku and SIR proteins in response to DNA strand breaks in yeast. Cell 97(5):621-33	SGD
nuclear envelope	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-10-25	Galy V, et al.  (2000) Nuclear pore complexes in the organization of silent telomeric chromatin. Nature 403(6765):108-12	SGD
nuclear telomeric heterochromatin	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-11-01	Luo K, et al.  (2002) Rap1-Sir4 binding independent of other Sir, yKu, or histone interactions initiates the assembly of telomeric heterochromatin in yeast. Genes Dev 16(12):1528-39	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

There are no High-throughput annotations for YKU70

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR005160 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
damaged DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006164, EBI:IPR005160, EBI:IPR006165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0238 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
helicase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0347 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hydrolase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0378 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
telomeric DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA recombination	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0233 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
DNA repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0234 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006164, EBI:IPR005160, EBI:IPR006165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
response to DNA damage stimulus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0227 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
telomere maintenance	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
chromosome	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0158 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
chromosome, telomeric region	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0276 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0779 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
Ku70:Ku80 complex	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006165 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).