This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2003-05-28    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
3'-5' exonuclease activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-09-06	Trujillo KM and Sung P  (2001) DNA structure-specific nuclease activities in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad50*Mre11 complex. J Biol Chem 276(38):35458-64	SGD
contributes_to adenylate kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-03-19	Bhaskara V, et al.  (2007) Rad50 adenylate kinase activity regulates DNA tethering by Mre11/Rad50 complexes. Mol Cell 25(5):647-61	SGD
double-stranded telomeric DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-09-06	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2007) The Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 Complex Reveals that Rad50 Negatively Regulates Mre11 Endonucleolytic but not the Exonucleolytic Activity. J Mol Biol 372(4):864-82	SGD
endodeoxyribonuclease activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-09-19	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2005) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11 is a high-affinity G4 DNA-binding protein and a G-rich DNA-specific endonuclease: implications for replication of telomeric DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 33(15):4692-703	SGD
endonuclease activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Moreau S, et al.  (1999) The nuclease activity of Mre11 is required for meiosis but not for mating type switching, end joining, or telomere maintenance. Mol Cell Biol 19(1):556-66	SGD
G-quadruplex DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-09-06	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2007) The Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 Complex Reveals that Rad50 Negatively Regulates Mre11 Endonucleolytic but not the Exonucleolytic Activity. J Mol Biol 372(4):864-82	SGD
protein complex scaffold	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:RAD50, SGD:XRS2 Assigned on 2011-01-28 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-01-28	Usui T, et al.  (1998) Complex formation and functional versatility of Mre11 of budding yeast in recombination. Cell 95(5):705-16	SGD
single-stranded telomeric DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-09-06	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2007) The Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 Complex Reveals that Rad50 Negatively Regulates Mre11 Endonucleolytic but not the Exonucleolytic Activity. J Mol Biol 372(4):864-82	SGD
telomeric DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-09-19	Ghosal G and Muniyappa K  (2005) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11 is a high-affinity G4 DNA-binding protein and a G-rich DNA-specific endonuclease: implications for replication of telomeric DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 33(15):4692-703	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-07-12	Takata H, et al.  (2005) Late S phase-specific recruitment of Mre11 complex triggers hierarchical assembly of telomere replication proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell 17(4):573-83	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ascospore formation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-04-02	Kugou K, et al.  (2007) Mre11 mediates gene regulation in yeast spore development. Genes Genet Syst 82(1):21-33	SGD
base-excision repair	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-01-04	Steininger S, et al.  (2010) A novel function for the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex in base excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 38(6):1853-65	SGD
DNA repair	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Johzuka K and Ogawa H  (1995) Interaction of Mre11 and Rad50: two proteins required for DNA repair and meiosis-specific double-strand break formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 139(4):1521-32	SGD
double-strand break repair via break-induced replication	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:YKU70 Assigned on 2007-03-08 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-08	Krishna S, et al.  (2007) Mre11 and Ku regulation of double-strand break repair by gene conversion and break-induced replication. DNA Repair (Amst) 6(6):797-808	SGD
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2003-05-28	Wilson TE  (2002) A genomics-based screen for yeast mutants with an altered recombination/end-joining repair ratio. Genetics 162(2):677-88	SGD
meiotic DNA double-strand break formation	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-07-08	Roeder GS  (1997) Meiotic chromosomes: it takes two to tango. Genes Dev 11(20):2600-21	SGD
meiotic DNA double-strand break processing	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-07-08	Roeder GS  (1997) Meiotic chromosomes: it takes two to tango. Genes Dev 11(20):2600-21	SGD
reciprocal meiotic recombination	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2013-05-10	Ajimura M, et al.  (1993) Identification of new genes required for meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 133(1):51-66	SGD
regulation of transcription during meiosis	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-04-02	Kugou K, et al.  (2007) Mre11 mediates gene regulation in yeast spore development. Genes Genet Syst 82(1):21-33	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
Mre11 complex	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2004-10-24	Usui T, et al.  (1998) Complex formation and functional versatility of Mre11 of budding yeast in recombination. Cell 95(5):705-16	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-04-03	Usui T, et al.  (1998) Complex formation and functional versatility of Mre11 of budding yeast in recombination. Cell 95(5):705-16	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-08-08	Tsukamoto Y, et al.  (2005) Xrs2p regulates Mre11p translocation to the nucleus and plays a role in telomere elongation and meiotic recombination. Mol Biol Cell 16(2):597-608	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-12-12	Reinders J, et al.  (2006) Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques for mitochondrial proteomics. J Proteome Res 5(7):1543-54	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-09-28	Sickmann A, et al.  (2003) The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(23):13207-12	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-12-12	Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
endonuclease activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR007281 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0255 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
exonuclease activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR003701 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0269 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hydrolase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004843 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0378 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
manganese ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR007281 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nuclease activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0540 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR003701 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0234 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
double-strand break repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR007281 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
meiosis	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0469 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
response to DNA damage stimulus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0227 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR007281 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).