This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2002-08-06    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-08-06	Bennett RJ, et al.  (1998) Purification and characterization of the Sgs1 DNA helicase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 273(16):9644-50	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
chromosome organization	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-08-06	Myung K, et al.  (2001) SGS1, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of BLM and WRN, suppresses genome instability and homeologous recombination. Nat Genet 27(1):113-6	SGD
DNA double-strand break processing	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:EXO1, SGD:RAD51 Assigned on 2008-12-05	Mimitou EP and Symington LS  (2008) Sae2, Exo1 and Sgs1 collaborate in DNA double-strand break processing. Nature 455(7214):770-4	SGD
DNA duplex unwinding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-02-20	Dhar A and Lahue RS  (2008) Rapid unwinding of triplet repeat hairpins by Srs2 helicase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 36(10):3366-73	SGD
DNA unwinding involved in replication	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-08-06	Bennett RJ, et al.  (1999) Binding specificity determines polarity of DNA unwinding by the Sgs1 protein of S. cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 289(2):235-48	SGD
double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SHU1, SGD:ESC2, SGD:MPH1 Assigned on 2009-01-30 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-01-30	Mankouri HW, et al.  (2009) Esc2 and Sgs1 act in functionally distinct branches of the homologous recombination repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 20(6):1683-94	SGD
gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break processing	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:EXO1 Assigned on 2008-12-05	Mimitou EP and Symington LS  (2008) Sae2, Exo1 and Sgs1 collaborate in DNA double-strand break processing. Nature 455(7214):770-4	SGD
intra-S DNA damage checkpoint	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:ESC2 Assigned on 2009-01-30 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-01-30	Mankouri HW, et al.  (2009) Esc2 and Sgs1 act in functionally distinct branches of the homologous recombination repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 20(6):1683-94	SGD
meiotic chromosome segregation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-08-06	Watt PM, et al.  (1995) Sgs1: a eukaryotic homolog of E. coli RecQ that interacts with topoisomerase II in vivo and is required for faithful chromosome segregation. Cell 81(2):253-60	SGD
meiotic DNA double-strand break processing	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:EXO1, SGD:DMC1 Assigned on 2010-03-09	Manfrini N, et al.  (2010) Processing of meiotic DNA double strand breaks requires cyclin-dependent kinase and multiple nucleases. J Biol Chem 285(15):11628-37	SGD
mitotic sister chromatid segregation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-08-06	Watt PM, et al.  (1995) Sgs1: a eukaryotic homolog of E. coli RecQ that interacts with topoisomerase II in vivo and is required for faithful chromosome segregation. Cell 81(2):253-60	SGD
negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MUS81 Assigned on 2009-05-12	Jessop L and Lichten M  (2008) Mus81/Mms4 endonuclease and Sgs1 helicase collaborate to ensure proper recombination intermediate metabolism during meiosis. Mol Cell 31(3):313-23	SGD
regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MMS4 Assigned on 2009-04-09	Oh SD, et al.  (2008) RecQ helicase, Sgs1, and XPF family endonuclease, Mus81-Mms4, resolve aberrant joint molecules during meiotic recombination. Mol Cell 31(3):324-36	SGD
replicative cell aging	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-03-23	Cohen H and Sinclair DA  (2001) Recombination-mediated lengthening of terminal telomeric repeats requires the Sgs1 DNA helicase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(6):3174-9	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-09	Sinclair DA, et al.  (1997) Accelerated aging and nucleolar fragmentation in yeast sgs1 mutants. Science 277(5330):1313-6	SGD
telomere maintenance via recombination	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-08-02	Lillard-Wetherell K, et al.  (2005) BLM helicase complements disrupted type II telomere lengthening in telomerase-negative sgs1 yeast. Cancer Res 65(13):5520-2	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TLC1 Assigned on 2007-06-11 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-06-11	Lee JY, et al.  (2007) Evidence That a RecQ Helicase Slows Senescence by Resolving Recombining Telomeres. PLoS Biol 5(6):e160	SGD
telomeric 3' overhang formation	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:CDC13 Assigned on 2011-02-28	Ngo HP and Lydall D  (2010) Survival and growth of yeast without telomere capping by Cdc13 in the absence of Sgs1, Exo1, and Rad9. PLoS Genet 6(8):e1001072	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleolus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-08-06	Sun H, et al.  (1999) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sgs1 helicase efficiently unwinds G-G paired DNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 27(9):1978-84	SGD
RecQ helicase-Topo III complex	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction with SGD:TOP3, SGD:RMI1 Assigned on 2005-05-31	Chang M, et al.  (2005) RMI1/NCE4, a suppressor of genome instability, encodes a member of the RecQ helicase/Topo III complex. EMBO J 24(11):2024-33	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-07-26	Mullen JR, et al.  (2005) Yeast Rmi1/Nce4 controls genome stability as a subunit of the Sgs1-Top3 complex. Mol Cell Biol 25(11):4476-87	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Biological Process | Cellular Component

High-throughput Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
response to DNA damage stimulus	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-04-06	Chang M, et al.  (2002) A genome-wide screen for methyl methanesulfonate-sensitive mutants reveals genes required for S phase progression in the presence of DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(26):16934-9	SGD

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-12-12	Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011545, EBI:IPR002464, EBI:IPR001650 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018982 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
ATP-dependent helicase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011545, EBI:IPR004589, EBI:IPR002464 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
catalytic activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR010997 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
helicase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001650 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0347 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hydrolase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0378 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleic acid binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011545, EBI:IPR002464, EBI:IPR001650, EBI:IPR002121 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR010997 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cellular metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR010997 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA recombination	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004589 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018982 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA replication	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018982 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
intracellular	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR002121 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleolus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0188 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).