This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2011-10-19    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2011-10-19	Estruch F and Carlson M  (1993) Two homologous zinc finger genes identified by multicopy suppression in a SNF1 protein kinase mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 13(7):3872-81	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2011-10-19	Schmitt AP and McEntee K  (1996) Msn2p, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, is the transcriptional activator of the multistress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(12):5777-82	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2011-10-19	Martinez-Pastor MT, et al.  (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE). EMBO J 15(9):2227-35	SGD
RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-10-19 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2011-10-19	Schmitt AP and McEntee K  (1996) Msn2p, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, is the transcriptional activator of the multistress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(12):5777-82	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
age-dependent response to oxidative stress involved in chronological cell aging	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4, SGD:CYR1 Assigned on 2011-10-19	Fabrizio P, et al.  (2001) Regulation of longevity and stress resistance by Sch9 in yeast. Science 292(5515):288-90	SGD
cellular response to blue light	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2013-03-06	Bodvard K, et al.  (2013) The yeast transcription factor Crz1 is activated by light in a Ca2+/calcineurin-dependent and PKA-independent manner. PLoS One 8(1):e53404	SGD
cellular response to methylmercury	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:BOP3 Assigned on 2011-03-18 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-03-18	Hwang GW, et al.  (2005) Overexpression of Bop3 confers resistance to methylmercury in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through interaction with other proteins such as Fkh1, Rts1, and Msn2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 330(2):378-85	SGD
chromatin remodeling	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2011-10-19	Erkina TY, et al.  (2008) Different requirements of the SWI/SNF complex for robust nucleosome displacement at promoters of heat shock factor and Msn2- and Msn4-regulated heat shock genes. Mol Cell Biol 28(4):1207-17	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to a hypotonic environment	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Medvedik O, et al.  (2007) MSN2 and MSN4 link calorie restriction and TOR to sirtuin-mediated lifespan extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Biol 5(10):e261	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Martinez-Pastor MT, et al.  (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE). EMBO J 15(9):2227-35	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to acidity	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Causton HC, et al.  (2001) Remodeling of yeast genome expression in response to environmental changes. Mol Biol Cell 12(2):323-37	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-01-17	Simoes T, et al.  (2006) The SPI1 Gene, Encoding a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Cell Wall Protein, Plays a Prominent Role in the Development of Yeast Resistance to Lipophilic Weak-Acid Food Preservatives. Appl Environ Microbiol 72(11):7168-75	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-01-17	Gatti X, et al.  (2005) RGD1, encoding a RhoGAP involved in low-pH survival, is an Msn2p/Msn4p regulated gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 351:159-69	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Martinez-Pastor MT, et al.  (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE). EMBO J 15(9):2227-35	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to alkalinity	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-31	Casado C, et al.  (2011) The role of the protein kinase A pathway in the response to alkaline pH stress in yeast. Biochem J 438(3):523-33	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to amino acid starvation	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Medvedik O, et al.  (2007) MSN2 and MSN4 link calorie restriction and TOR to sirtuin-mediated lifespan extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Biol 5(10):e261	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to arsenic-containing substance	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Zahringer H, et al.  (2000) Induction of neutral trehalase Nth1 by heat and osmotic stress is controlled by STRE elements and Msn2/Msn4 transcription factors: variations of PKA effect during stress and growth. Mol Microbiol 35(2):397-406	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Hosiner D, et al.  (2009) Arsenic toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a consequence of inhibition of the TORC1 kinase combined with a chronic stress response. Mol Biol Cell 20(3):1048-57	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to cold	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Schade B, et al.  (2004) Cold adaptation in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 15(12):5492-502	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Kandror O, et al.  (2004) Yeast adapt to near-freezing temperatures by STRE/Msn2,4-dependent induction of trehalose synthesis and certain molecular chaperones. Mol Cell 13(6):771-81	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to ethanol	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Martinez-Pastor MT, et al.  (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE). EMBO J 15(9):2227-35	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to freezing	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Izawa S, et al.  (2007) Msn2p/Msn4p-activation is essential for the recovery from freezing stress in yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 352(3):750-5	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to glucose starvation	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Martinez-Pastor MT, et al.  (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE). EMBO J 15(9):2227-35	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to heat stress	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-01-17	Schmitt AP and McEntee K  (1996) Msn2p, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein, is the transcriptional activator of the multistress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(12):5777-82	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2012-01-17 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-01-17	Gasch AP, et al.  (2000) Genomic expression programs in the response of yeast cells to environmental changes. Mol Biol Cell 11(12):4241-57	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2012-01-17	Zahringer H, et al.  (2000) Induction of neutral trehalase Nth1 by heat and osmotic stress is controlled by STRE elements and Msn2/Msn4 transcription factors: variations of PKA effect during stress and growth. Mol Microbiol 35(2):397-406	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2012-01-17	Martinez-Pastor MT, et al.  (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE). EMBO J 15(9):2227-35	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hydrogen peroxide	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2012-01-17	Gasch AP, et al.  (2000) Genomic expression programs in the response of yeast cells to environmental changes. Mol Biol Cell 11(12):4241-57	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Zahringer H, et al.  (2000) Induction of neutral trehalase Nth1 by heat and osmotic stress is controlled by STRE elements and Msn2/Msn4 transcription factors: variations of PKA effect during stress and growth. Mol Microbiol 35(2):397-406	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Martinez-Pastor MT, et al.  (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE). EMBO J 15(9):2227-35	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hydrostatic pressure	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Domitrovic T, et al.  (2006) High hydrostatic pressure activates gene expression through Msn2/4 stress transcription factors which are involved in the acquired tolerance by mild pressure precondition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 580(26):6033-6038	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to increased salt	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Medvedik O, et al.  (2007) MSN2 and MSN4 link calorie restriction and TOR to sirtuin-mediated lifespan extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Biol 5(10):e261	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Zahringer H, et al.  (2000) Induction of neutral trehalase Nth1 by heat and osmotic stress is controlled by STRE elements and Msn2/Msn4 transcription factors: variations of PKA effect during stress and growth. Mol Microbiol 35(2):397-406	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Martinez-Pastor MT, et al.  (1996) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger proteins Msn2p and Msn4p are required for transcriptional induction through the stress response element (STRE). EMBO J 15(9):2227-35	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nitrosative stress	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-01-17	Horan S, et al.  (2006) Transcriptional response to nitrosative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 23(7):519-35	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to zinc ion starvation	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-02-09	Gauci VJ, et al.  (2009) Zinc starvation induces a stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is mediated by the Msn2p and Msn4p transcriptional activators. FEMS Yeast Res 9(8):1187-95	SGD
regulation of replicative cell aging by regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to caloric restriction	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4 Assigned on 2012-05-01	Medvedik O, et al.  (2007) MSN2 and MSN4 link calorie restriction and TOR to sirtuin-mediated lifespan extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Biol 5(10):e261	SGD
replicative cell aging	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MSN4, SGD:CYR1, SGD:RIM15 Assigned on 2011-10-19	Fabrizio P, et al.  (2004) Chronological aging-independent replicative life span regulation by Msn2/Msn4 and Sod2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 557(1-3):136-42	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytosol	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-01-30	Mayordomo I, et al.  (2002) Convergence of the target of rapamycin and the Snf1 protein kinase pathways in the regulation of the subcellular localization of Msn2, a transcriptional activator of STRE (Stress Response Element)-regulated genes. J Biol Chem 277(38):35650-6	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2011-10-19	Gorner W, et al.  (1998) Nuclear localization of the C2H2 zinc finger protein Msn2p is regulated by stress and protein kinase A activity. Genes Dev 12(4):586-97	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2011-10-19	Jacquet M, et al.  (2003) Oscillatory nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the general stress response transcriptional activators Msn2 and Msn4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 161(3):497-505	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2011-10-19	Mayordomo I, et al.  (2002) Convergence of the target of rapamycin and the Snf1 protein kinase pathways in the regulation of the subcellular localization of Msn2, a transcriptional activator of STRE (Stress Response Element)-regulated genes. J Biol Chem 277(38):35650-6	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-10-14	Gorner W, et al.  (1998) Nuclear localization of the C2H2 zinc finger protein Msn2p is regulated by stress and protein kinase A activity. Genes Dev 12(4):586-97	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2011-10-19	Jacquet M, et al.  (2003) Oscillatory nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the general stress response transcriptional activators Msn2 and Msn4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 161(3):497-505	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Molecular Function | Cellular Component

High-throughput Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-02-05	Badis G, et al.  (2008) A library of yeast transcription factor motifs reveals a widespread function for Rsc3 in targeting nucleosome exclusion at promoters. Mol Cell 32(6):878-87	SGD

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-12-12	Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-12-12	Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0238 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
metal ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0479 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleic acid binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR013087 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
zinc ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR015880, EBI:IPR007087 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0805 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0804 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0086 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0963 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
intracellular	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR015880 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).