This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2007-03-07    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
MAP kinase kinase kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-03-05	Neiman AM and Herskowitz I  (1994) Reconstitution of a yeast protein kinase cascade in vitro: activation of the yeast MEK homologue STE7 by STE11. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(8):3398-402	SGD
SAM domain binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-06-21	Kwan JJ, et al.  (2006) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste50 binds the MAPKKK Ste11 through a head-to-tail SAM domain interaction. J Mol Biol 356(1):142-54	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
activation of MAPKK activity	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-05	Posas F and Saito H  (1997) Osmotic activation of the HOG MAPK pathway via Ste11p MAPKKK: scaffold role of Pbs2p MAPKK. Science 276(5319):1702-5	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-03-05	Neiman AM and Herskowitz I  (1994) Reconstitution of a yeast protein kinase cascade in vitro: activation of the yeast MEK homologue STE7 by STE11. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(8):3398-402	SGD
cellular response to heat	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-03-22	Winkler A, et al.  (2002) Heat stress activates the yeast high-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and protein tyrosine phosphatases are essential under heat stress. Eukaryot Cell 1(2):163-73	SGD
invasive growth in response to glucose limitation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-02-18	Roberts RL and Fink GR  (1994) Elements of a single MAP kinase cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate two developmental programs in the same cell type: mating and invasive growth. Genes Dev 8(24):2974-85	SGD
MAPK cascade involved in cell wall biogenesis	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:DPM1 Assigned on 2010-07-12	Cullen PJ, et al.  (2000) Defects in protein glycosylation cause SHO1-dependent activation of a STE12 signaling pathway in yeast. Genetics 155(3):1005-18	SGD
MAPK cascade involved in osmosensory signaling pathway	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SSK2, SGD:SSK22 Assigned on 2007-03-05 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-05	Posas F and Saito H  (1997) Osmotic activation of the HOG MAPK pathway via Ste11p MAPKKK: scaffold role of Pbs2p MAPKK. Science 276(5319):1702-5	SGD
osmosensory signaling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SSK2, SGD:SSK22 Assigned on 2007-03-05	Posas F and Saito H  (1997) Osmotic activation of the HOG MAPK pathway via Ste11p MAPKKK: scaffold role of Pbs2p MAPKK. Science 276(5319):1702-5	SGD
pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-05	Zhou Z, et al.  (1993) Pheromone-induced signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the sequential function of three protein kinases. Mol Cell Biol 13(4):2069-80	SGD
protein phosphorylation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-07 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-03-07	Rhodes N, et al.  (1990) STE11 is a protein kinase required for cell-type-specific transcription and signal transduction in yeast. Genes Dev 4(11):1862-74	SGD
pseudohyphal growth	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-07	Liu H, et al.  (1993) Elements of the yeast pheromone response pathway required for filamentous growth of diploids. Science 262(5140):1741-4	SGD
regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-07-12	Conte D Jr, et al.  (1998) Posttranslational regulation of Ty1 retrotransposition by mitogen-activated protein kinase Fus3. Mol Cell Biol 18(5):2502-13	SGD
signal transduction involved in filamentous growth	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-03-07	Liu H, et al.  (1993) Elements of the yeast pheromone response pathway required for filamentous growth of diploids. Science 262(5140):1741-4	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Ferrigno P, et al.  (1998) Regulated nucleo/cytoplasmic exchange of HOG1 MAPK requires the importin beta homologs NMD5 and XPO1. EMBO J 17(19):5606-14	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Molecular Function | Biological Process

High-throughput Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-05-04	Ptacek J, et al.  (2005) Global analysis of protein phosphorylation in yeast. Nature 438(7068):679-84	SGD

High-throughput Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein phosphorylation	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-05-04	Ptacek J, et al.  (2005) Global analysis of protein phosphorylation in yeast. Nature 438(7068):679-84	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR017441, EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR008271 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0723 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0808 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011009 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290, EBI:IPR008271 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
response to pheromone	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0589 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).