This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2007-07-03    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
superoxide dismutase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-10-01	Bermingham-McDonogh O, et al.  (1988) The copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cloning, sequencing, and biological activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85(13):4789-93	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species involved in chronological cell aging	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-07-03	Longo VD, et al.  (1996) Superoxide dismutase activity is essential for stationary phase survival in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitochondrial production of toxic oxygen species in vivo. J Biol Chem 271(21):12275-80	SGD
cellular copper ion homeostasis	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2002-10-01	Culotta VC, et al.  (1995) A physiological role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in copper buffering. J Biol Chem 270(50):29991-7	SGD
cellular zinc ion homeostasis	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2003-01-27 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2003-01-27	Wei JP, et al.  (2001) Evidence for a novel role of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in zinc metabolism. J Biol Chem 276(48):44798-803	SGD
fungal-type cell wall organization	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-03-01	Liu X, et al.  (2010) Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase is required for cell wall structure and for tolerance to cell wall-perturbing agents in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 584(6):1245-1250	SGD
positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-04-09	Wood LK and Thiele DJ  (2009) Transcriptional activation in yeast in response to copper deficiency involves copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 284(1):404-13	SGD
superoxide metabolic process	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-10-01	Bermingham-McDonogh O, et al.  (1988) The copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cloning, sequencing, and biological activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85(13):4789-93	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytosol	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-10-01	Sturtz LA, et al.  (2001) A fraction of yeast Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and its metallochaperone, CCS, localize to the intermembrane space of mitochondria. A physiological role for SOD1 in guarding against mitochondrial oxidative damage. J Biol Chem 276(41):38084-9	SGD
mitochondrial intermembrane space	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-10-01	Sturtz LA, et al.  (2001) A fraction of yeast Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and its metallochaperone, CCS, localize to the intermembrane space of mitochondria. A physiological role for SOD1 in guarding against mitochondrial oxidative damage. J Biol Chem 276(41):38084-9	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-04-09	Wood LK and Thiele DJ  (2009) Transcriptional activation in yeast in response to copper deficiency involves copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 284(1):404-13	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-12-12	Reinders J, et al.  (2006) Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques for mitochondrial proteomics. J Proteome Res 5(7):1543-54	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
antioxidant activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0049 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
copper ion binding	IBA: Inferred from Biological Aspect of Ancestor with PANTHER:PTHR10003_AN0 Last updated 2011-10-06	Gaudet P, et al.  (2011) Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees.	RefGenome
metal ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001424 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0479 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
oxidoreductase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0560 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
superoxide dismutase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018152 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with IUBMB:1.15.1.1 Last updated 2013-03-02	GOA curators and MGI curators  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping.	UniProtKB
zinc ion binding	IBA: Inferred from Biological Aspect of Ancestor with PANTHER:PTHR10003_AN0 Last updated 2011-10-06	Gaudet P, et al.  (2011) Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees.	RefGenome

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
oxidation-reduction process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR018152, EBI:IPR001424, EBI:IPR024134 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0560 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
removal of superoxide radicals	IBA: Inferred from Biological Aspect of Ancestor with PANTHER:PTHR10003_AN0 Last updated 2011-10-06	Gaudet P, et al.  (2011) Annotation inferences using phylogenetic trees.	RefGenome
superoxide metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001424, EBI:IPR024134 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0086 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0963 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
mitochondrial intermembrane space	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0169 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
mitochondrion	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0496 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).