This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2006-11-22    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
hexokinase activity	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Walsh RB, et al.  (1983) Cloning of genes that complement yeast hexokinase and glucokinase mutants. J Bacteriol 154(2):1002-4	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-11-17	Lobo Z and Maitra PK  (1977) Physiological role of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Biochem Biophys 182(2):639-45	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-07-31	Bianconi ML  (2003) Calorimetric determination of thermodynamic parameters of reaction reveals different enthalpic compensations of the yeast hexokinase isozymes. J Biol Chem 278(21):18709-13	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
fructose import	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:HXK1 Assigned on 2006-11-22	Bisson LF and Fraenkel DG  (1983) Involvement of kinases in glucose and fructose uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80(6):1730-4	SGD
fructose metabolic process	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Bisson LF and Fraenkel DG  (1983) Involvement of kinases in glucose and fructose uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80(6):1730-4	SGD
glucose import	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:GLK1, SGD:HXK1 Assigned on 2006-11-17	Bisson LF and Fraenkel DG  (1983) Involvement of kinases in glucose and fructose uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80(6):1730-4	SGD
glucose metabolic process	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-06-09	Bisson LF and Fraenkel DG  (1983) Involvement of kinases in glucose and fructose uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80(6):1730-4	SGD
glycolysis	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-11-17	Lobo Z and Maitra PK  (1977) Physiological role of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Biochem Biophys 182(2):639-45	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-06-09 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-06-09	De Winde JH, et al.  (1996) Differential requirement of the yeast sugar kinases for sugar sensing in establishing the catabolite-repressed state. Eur J Biochem 241(2):633-43	SGD
mannose metabolic process	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-11-17	Lobo Z and Maitra PK  (1977) Physiological role of glucose-phosphorylating enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch Biochem Biophys 182(2):639-45	SGD
regulation of transcription by glucose	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-06-09	Rodriguez A, et al.  (2001) The hexokinase 2 protein regulates the expression of the GLK1, HXK1 and HXK2 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 355(Pt 3):625-31	SGD
replicative cell aging	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-03-14	Kaeberlein M, et al.  (2005) Genes determining yeast replicative life span in a long-lived genetic background. Mech Ageing Dev 126(4):491-504	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytosol	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-06-09	Rodriguez A, et al.  (2001) The hexokinase 2 protein regulates the expression of the GLK1, HXK1 and HXK2 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 355(Pt 3):625-31	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-06-09	Randez-Gil F, et al.  (1998) Hexokinase PII has a double cytosolic-nuclear localisation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 425(3):475-8	SGD
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-03-05	Brandina I, et al.  (2006) Enolase takes part in a macromolecular complex associated to mitochondria in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta 1757(9-10):1217-1228	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-06-09	Rodriguez A, et al.  (2001) The hexokinase 2 protein regulates the expression of the GLK1, HXK1 and HXK2 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 355(Pt 3):625-31	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-06-09	Randez-Gil F, et al.  (1998) Hexokinase PII has a double cytosolic-nuclear localisation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett 425(3):475-8	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Biological Process

High-throughput Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
regulation of cell size	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-07-14	Jorgensen P, et al.  (2002) Systematic identification of pathways that couple cell growth and division in yeast. Science 297(5580):395-400	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR022672, EBI:IPR022673, EBI:IPR019807, EBI:IPR001312 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
catalytic activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0021 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hexokinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR019807 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with IUBMB:2.7.1.1 Last updated 2013-03-02	GOA curators and MGI curators  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping.	UniProtKB
kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR022672, EBI:IPR022673, EBI:IPR001312 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
transferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0808 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
carbohydrate metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR022672, EBI:IPR022673, EBI:IPR001312 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
glycolysis	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR019807 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0324 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hexose metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with UniPathway:UPA00242 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2012) Gene Ontology annotation based on UniPathway vocabulary mapping.	UniPathway
metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0021 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).