This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2003-06-06    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA translocase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-02-20	Petukhova G, et al.  (1999) Yeast Rad54 promotes Rad51-dependent homologous DNA pairing via ATP hydrolysis-driven change in DNA double helix conformation. J Biol Chem 274(41):29453-62	SGD
DNA-dependent ATPase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-08-14	Petukhova G, et al.  (1999) Yeast Rad54 promotes Rad51-dependent homologous DNA pairing via ATP hydrolysis-driven change in DNA double helix conformation. J Biol Chem 274(41):29453-62	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
chromatin remodeling	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-06-06	Alexeev A, et al.  (2003) Rad54 protein possesses chromatin-remodeling activity stimulated by the Rad51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament. Nat Struct Biol 10(3):182-6	SGD
DNA geometric change	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-02-21	Petukhova G, et al.  (1999) Yeast Rad54 promotes Rad51-dependent homologous DNA pairing via ATP hydrolysis-driven change in DNA double helix conformation. J Biol Chem 274(41):29453-62	SGD
NOT double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-09-25	Ivanov EL, et al.  (1996) Genetic requirements for the single-strand annealing pathway of double-strand break repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 142(3):693-704	SGD
double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-08-14	Paques F and Haber JE  (1999) Multiple pathways of recombination induced by double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 63(2):349-404	SGD
heteroduplex formation	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-09-25	Petukhova G, et al.  (1999) Yeast Rad54 promotes Rad51-dependent homologous DNA pairing via ATP hydrolysis-driven change in DNA double helix conformation. J Biol Chem 274(41):29453-62	SGD
positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-01-15	Matulova P, et al.  (2009) Cooperativity of Mus81{middle dot}Mms4 with Rad54 in the Resolution of Recombination and Replication Intermediates. J Biol Chem 284(12):7733-7745	SGD
telomere maintenance via recombination	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-09-25	Chen Q, et al.  (2001) Two survivor pathways that allow growth in the absence of telomerase are generated by distinct telomere recombination events. Mol Cell Biol 21(5):1819-27	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-11-15	Shor E, et al.  (2002) Mutations in homologous recombination genes rescue top3 slow growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 162(2):647-62	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-12-12	Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-12-12	Tkach JM, et al.  (2012) Dissecting DNA damage response pathways by analysing protein localization and abundance changes during DNA replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 14(9):966-76	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001650, EBI:IPR000330 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000330 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0238 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
helicase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001650 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0347 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hydrolase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0378 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR013967 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleic acid binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001650 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0234 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
response to DNA damage stimulus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0227 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).