This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2005-02-01    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
structural constituent of cytoskeleton	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2013-04-11	Greer C and Schekman R  (1982) Actin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 2(10):1270-8	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
actomyosin contractile ring contraction	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-09-19	Bi E, et al.  (1998) Involvement of an actomyosin contractile ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 142(5):1301-12	SGD
ascospore wall assembly	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2008-12-01	Taxis C, et al.  (2006) Dynamic Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton During Meiosis and Spore Formation in Budding Yeast. Traffic 7(12):1628-1642	SGD
budding cell isotropic bud growth	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2004-10-01	Pruyne D and Bretscher A  (2000) Polarization of cell growth in yeast. J Cell Sci 113 ( Pt 4):571-85	SGD
cellular response to oxidative stress	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:OYE2 Assigned on 2007-02-12	Farah ME and Amberg DC  (2007) Conserved actin cysteine residues are oxidative stress sensors that can regulate cell death in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 18(4):1359-65	SGD
chronological cell aging	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2004-10-01	Gourlay CW, et al.  (2004) A role for the actin cytoskeleton in cell death and aging in yeast. J Cell Biol 164(6):803-9	SGD
cytokinesis	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-09-18	Bi E, et al.  (1998) Involvement of an actomyosin contractile ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 142(5):1301-12	SGD
DNA repair	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-01-03	Utley RT, et al.  (2005) Regulation of NuA4 histone acetyltransferase activity in transcription and DNA repair by phosphorylation of histone H4. Mol Cell Biol 25(18):8179-90	SGD
endocytosis	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-03-11	Munn AL, et al.  (1995) end5, end6, and end7: mutations that cause actin delocalization and block the internalization step of endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 6(12):1721-42	SGD
establishment of cell polarity	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TPM2, SGD:TPM1 Assigned on 2013-04-10	Pruyne DW, et al.  (1998) Tropomyosin-containing actin cables direct the Myo2p-dependent polarized delivery of secretory vesicles in budding yeast. J Cell Biol 143(7):1931-45	SGD
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2004-01-28	Pruyne D and Bretscher A  (2000) Polarization of cell growth in yeast. J Cell Sci 113 ( Pt 4):571-85	SGD
exocytosis	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-01-18	Pruyne D and Bretscher A  (2000) Polarization of cell growth in yeast. J Cell Sci 113 ( Pt 4):571-85	SGD
fungal-type cell wall organization	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-01-18	Pruyne D and Bretscher A  (2000) Polarization of cell growth in yeast. J Cell Sci 113 ( Pt 4):571-85	SGD
histone acetylation	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-09-18	Galarneau L, et al.  (2000) Multiple links between the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex and epigenetic control of transcription. Mol Cell 5(6):927-37	SGD
mitochondrion inheritance	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-01-18	Pruyne D and Bretscher A  (2000) Polarization of cell growth in yeast. J Cell Sci 113 ( Pt 4):571-85	SGD
protein secretion	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TPM2, SGD:TPM1 Assigned on 2013-04-10 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2013-04-10	Karpova TS, et al.  (2000) Role of actin and Myo2p in polarized secretion and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 11(5):1727-37	SGD
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-09-18	Galarneau L, et al.  (2000) Multiple links between the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex and epigenetic control of transcription. Mol Cell 5(6):927-37	SGD
vacuole inheritance	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2006-10-19 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-10-19	Hill KL, et al.  (1996) Actin and myosin function in directed vacuole movement during cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 135(6 Pt 1):1535-49	SGD
vesicle transport along actin filament	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-12-17	Pruyne D and Bretscher A  (2000) Polarization of cell growth in yeast. J Cell Sci 113 ( Pt 4):571-85	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
actin cortical patch	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Mulholland J, et al.  (1994) Ultrastructure of the yeast actin cytoskeleton and its association with the plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 125(2):381-91	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Novick P and Botstein D  (1985) Phenotypic analysis of temperature-sensitive yeast actin mutants. Cell 40(2):405-16	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Kilmartin JV and Adams AE  (1984) Structural rearrangements of tubulin and actin during the cell cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces. J Cell Biol 98(3):922-33	SGD
actin filament	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2013-04-01	Greer C and Schekman R  (1982) Actin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 2(10):1270-8	SGD
actin filament bundle	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Mulholland J, et al.  (1994) Ultrastructure of the yeast actin cytoskeleton and its association with the plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 125(2):381-91	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Novick P and Botstein D  (1985) Phenotypic analysis of temperature-sensitive yeast actin mutants. Cell 40(2):405-16	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Kilmartin JV and Adams AE  (1984) Structural rearrangements of tubulin and actin during the cell cycle of the yeast Saccharomyces. J Cell Biol 98(3):922-33	SGD
cellular bud neck contractile ring	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Mulholland J, et al.  (1994) Ultrastructure of the yeast actin cytoskeleton and its association with the plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 125(2):381-91	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Novick P and Botstein D  (1985) Phenotypic analysis of temperature-sensitive yeast actin mutants. Cell 40(2):405-16	SGD
histone acetyltransferase complex	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-09-18	Galarneau L, et al.  (2000) Multiple links between the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex and epigenetic control of transcription. Mol Cell 5(6):927-37	SGD
Ino80 complex	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction with SGD:INO80 Assigned on 2005-04-11	Shen X, et al.  (2000) A chromatin remodelling complex involved in transcription and DNA processing. Nature 406(6795):541-4	SGD
NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2007-01-03	Zhang H, et al.  (2004) The Yaf9 component of the SWR1 and NuA4 complexes is required for proper gene expression, histone H4 acetylation, and Htz1 replacement near telomeres. Mol Cell Biol 24(21):9424-36	SGD
Swr1 complex	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-04-12	Krogan NJ, et al.  (2003) A Snf2 family ATPase complex required for recruitment of the histone H2A variant Htz1. Mol Cell 12(6):1565-76	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-10-24	Wu WH, et al.  (2005) Swc2 is a widely conserved H2AZ-binding module essential for ATP-dependent histone exchange. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12(12):1064-71	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-04-12	Mizuguchi G, et al.  (2004) ATP-driven exchange of histone H2AZ variant catalyzed by SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Science 303(5656):343-8	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

There are no High-throughput annotations for ACT1

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004001 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0963 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
cytoskeleton	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0090 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0206 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).