This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2007-06-28    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein binding	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction with SGD:LST8, SGD:AVO2, SGD:AVO1, SGD:TSC11 Assigned on 2003-05-30	Wedaman KP, et al.  (2003) Tor kinases are in distinct membrane-associated protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 14(3):1204-20	SGD
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-10-28	Kamada Y, et al.  (2005) Tor2 directly phosphorylates the AGC kinase Ypk2 to regulate actin polarization. Mol Cell Biol 25(16):7239-48	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
actin filament reorganization involved in cell cycle	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-12-17	Schmidt A, et al.  (1997) The yeast phosphatidylinositol kinase homolog TOR2 activates RHO1 and RHO2 via the exchange factor ROM2. Cell 88(4):531-42	SGD
cytoskeleton organization	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Helliwell SB, et al.  (1998) TOR2 is part of two related signaling pathways coordinating cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 148(1):99-112	SGD
establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-11-04	Loewith R, et al.  (2002) Two TOR complexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct roles in cell growth control. Mol Cell 10(3):457-68	SGD
G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-01-18	Helliwell SB, et al.  (1994) TOR1 and TOR2 are structurally and functionally similar but not identical phosphatidylinositol kinase homologues in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 5(1):105-18	SGD
negative regulation of autophagy	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TOR1 Assigned on 2011-01-06	Noda T and Ohsumi Y  (1998) Tor, a phosphatidylinositol kinase homologue, controls autophagy in yeast. J Biol Chem 273(7):3963-6	SGD
positive regulation of endocytosis	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-11-13	deHart AK, et al.  (2003) Receptor internalization in yeast requires the Tor2-Rho1 signaling pathway. Mol Biol Cell 14(11):4676-84	SGD
regulation of cell cycle	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-01-18	Helliwell SB, et al.  (1998) TOR2 is part of two related signaling pathways coordinating cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 148(1):99-112	SGD
regulation of cell growth	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2005-11-04	Schmelzle T and Hall MN  (2000) TOR, a central controller of cell growth. Cell 103(2):253-62	SGD
Rho protein signal transduction	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Schmidt A, et al.  (1997) The yeast phosphatidylinositol kinase homolog TOR2 activates RHO1 and RHO2 via the exchange factor ROM2. Cell 88(4):531-42	SGD
ribosome biogenesis	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Powers T and Walter P  (1999) Regulation of ribosome biogenesis by the rapamycin-sensitive TOR-signaling pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 10(4):987-1000	SGD
signal transduction	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2001-01-18	Helliwell SB, et al.  (1994) TOR1 and TOR2 are structurally and functionally similar but not identical phosphatidylinositol kinase homologues in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 5(1):105-18	SGD
TOR signaling cascade	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-06-28	Chen EJ and Kaiser CA  (2003) LST8 negatively regulates amino acid biosynthesis as a component of the TOR pathway. J Cell Biol 161(2):333-47	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-06-28	Helliwell SB, et al.  (1994) TOR1 and TOR2 are structurally and functionally similar but not identical phosphatidylinositol kinase homologues in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 5(1):105-18	SGD
	IC: Inferred By Curator from TORC2 complex, TORC1 complex Assigned on 2007-06-28	Loewith R, et al.  (2002) Two TOR complexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct roles in cell growth control. Mol Cell 10(3):457-68	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-08-09	Sturgill TW, et al.  (2008) TOR1 and TOR2 have distinct locations in live cells. Eukaryot Cell 7(10):1819-30	SGD
extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-11-04	Wedaman KP, et al.  (2003) Tor kinases are in distinct membrane-associated protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 14(3):1204-20	SGD
fungal-type vacuole membrane	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Cardenas ME and Heitman J  (1995) FKBP12-rapamycin target TOR2 is a vacuolar protein with an associated phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase activity. EMBO J 14(23):5892-907	SGD
plasma membrane	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-12-09	Kunz J, et al.  (2000) HEAT repeats mediate plasma membrane localization of Tor2p in yeast. J Biol Chem 275(47):37011-20	SGD
TORC1 complex	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2005-11-30	Loewith R, et al.  (2002) Two TOR complexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct roles in cell growth control. Mol Cell 10(3):457-68	SGD
TORC2 complex	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2005-11-30	Loewith R, et al.  (2002) Two TOR complexes, only one of which is rapamycin sensitive, have distinct roles in cell growth control. Mol Cell 10(3):457-68	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-12-12	Reinders J, et al.  (2006) Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques for mitochondrial proteomics. J Proteome Res 5(7):1543-54	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-09-28	Sickmann A, et al.  (2003) The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(23):13207-12	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with IUBMB:2.7.1.67 Last updated 2013-03-02	GOA curators and MGI curators  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping.	UniProtKB
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
drug binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR009076 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000403, EBI:IPR018936 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0723 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0808 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011009 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cell cycle	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0131 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
membrane	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0472 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
plasma membrane	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0039 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-1003 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
vacuolar membrane	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0271 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
vacuole	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0926 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).