This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2002-09-18    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction Assigned on 2001-01-18	Errede B and Ammerer G  (1989) STE12, a protein involved in cell-type-specific transcription and signal transduction in yeast, is part of protein-DNA complexes. Genes Dev 3(9):1349-61	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
conjugation with cellular fusion	TAS: Traceable Author Statement Assigned on 2002-09-18	Chang YC, et al.  (2000) Cryptococcus neoformans STE12alpha regulates virulence but is not essential for mating. J Exp Med 191(5):871-82	SGD
invasive growth in response to glucose limitation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Roberts RL and Fink GR  (1994) Elements of a single MAP kinase cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate two developmental programs in the same cell type: mating and invasive growth. Genes Dev 8(24):2974-85	SGD
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-04-13	Bickel KS and Morris DR  (2006) Role of the transcription activator Ste12p as a repressor of PRY3 expression. Mol Cell Biol 26(21):7901-12	SGD
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Herskowitz I  (1995) MAP kinase pathways in yeast: for mating and more. Cell 80(2):187-97	SGD
pseudohyphal growth	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Liu H, et al.  (1993) Elements of the yeast pheromone response pathway required for filamentous growth of diploids. Science 262(5140):1741-4	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-06-28	Mosch HU and Fink GR  (1997) Dissection of filamentous growth by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 145(3):671-84	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2010-11-04	McCullagh E, et al.  (2010) Coordinate control of gene expression noise and interchromosomal interactions in a MAP kinase pathway. Nat Cell Biol 12(10):954-962	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2010-02-08	Patury S, et al.  (2009) Conditional nuclear import and export of yeast proteins using a chemical inducer of dimerization. Cell Biochem Biophys 53(3):127-34	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Molecular Function

High-throughput Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-02-05	Badis G, et al.  (2008) A library of yeast transcription factor motifs reveals a widespread function for Rsc3 in targeting nucleosome exclusion at promoters. Mol Cell 32(6):878-87	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0238 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR003120 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR003120 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0805 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
response to pheromone	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0589 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transcription, DNA-dependent	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0804 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR003120 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).