This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2007-04-25    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
histone serine kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-04-25	Ahn SH, et al.  (2005) Sterile 20 kinase phosphorylates histone H2B at serine 10 during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in S. cerevisiae. Cell 120(1):25-36	SGD
MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-04-25	Wu C, et al.  (1995) Molecular characterization of Ste20p, a potential mitogen-activated protein or extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) kinase kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 270(27):15984-92	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
activation of MAPKKK activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-04-25	Wu C, et al.  (1995) Molecular characterization of Ste20p, a potential mitogen-activated protein or extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) kinase kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 270(27):15984-92	SGD
cellular response to heat	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-03-22	Winkler A, et al.  (2002) Heat stress activates the yeast high-osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and protein tyrosine phosphatases are essential under heat stress. Eukaryot Cell 1(2):163-73	SGD
invasive growth in response to glucose limitation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-02-18	Roberts RL and Fink GR  (1994) Elements of a single MAP kinase cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate two developmental programs in the same cell type: mating and invasive growth. Genes Dev 8(24):2974-85	SGD
negative regulation of gene expression	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SUT1 Assigned on 2010-03-16 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-03-16	Lin M, et al.  (2009) The Cdc42 effectors Ste20, Cla4, and Skm1 down-regulate the expression of genes involved in sterol uptake by a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. Mol Biol Cell 20(22):4826-37	SGD
osmosensory signaling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SSK2, SGD:SSK22 Assigned on 2007-04-25 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-04-25	Raitt DC, et al.  (2000) Yeast Cdc42 GTPase and Ste20 PAK-like kinase regulate Sho1-dependent activation of the Hog1 MAPK pathway. EMBO J 19(17):4623-31	SGD
pheromone-dependent signal transduction involved in conjugation with cellular fusion	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:STE4 Assigned on 2007-04-25 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-04-25	Leberer E, et al.  (1992) The protein kinase homologue Ste20p is required to link the yeast pheromone response G-protein beta gamma subunits to downstream signalling components. EMBO J 11(13):4815-24	SGD
positive regulation of apoptotic process	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-04-25	Ahn SH, et al.  (2005) Sterile 20 kinase phosphorylates histone H2B at serine 10 during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in S. cerevisiae. Cell 120(1):25-36	SGD
protein phosphorylation	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-10-10	Wu C, et al.  (1995) Molecular characterization of Ste20p, a potential mitogen-activated protein or extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) kinase kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 270(27):15984-92	SGD
pseudohyphal growth	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-04-25	Liu H, et al.  (1993) Elements of the yeast pheromone response pathway required for filamentous growth of diploids. Science 262(5140):1741-4	SGD
regulation of exit from mitosis	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-03-24	Hofken T and Schiebel E  (2002) A role for cell polarity proteins in mitotic exit. EMBO J 21(18):4851-62	SGD
signal transduction involved in filamentous growth	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-04-25	Liu H, et al.  (1993) Elements of the yeast pheromone response pathway required for filamentous growth of diploids. Science 262(5140):1741-4	SGD
sterol import	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-03-30	Lin M, et al.  (2009) The Cdc42 effectors Ste20, Cla4, and Skm1 down-regulate the expression of genes involved in sterol uptake by a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. Mol Biol Cell 20(22):4826-37	SGD
stress granule assembly	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:DCP2 Assigned on 2010-06-14 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-06-14	Yoon JH, et al.  (2010) Dcp2 phosphorylation by Ste20 modulates stress granule assembly and mRNA decay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 189(5):813-27	SGD
vacuole inheritance	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:VAC17 Assigned on 2009-04-02 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-04-02	Bartholomew CR and Hardy CF  (2009) p21-activated kinases Cla4 and Ste20 regulate vacuole inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot Cell 8(4):560-72	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
incipient cellular bud site	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Peter M, et al.  (1996) Functional analysis of the interaction between the small GTP binding protein Cdc42 and the Ste20 protein kinase in yeast. EMBO J 15(24):7046-59	SGD
mating projection tip	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Peter M, et al.  (1996) Functional analysis of the interaction between the small GTP binding protein Cdc42 and the Ste20 protein kinase in yeast. EMBO J 15(24):7046-59	SGD
nucleus	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-03-16 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2010-03-16	Lin M, et al.  (2009) The Cdc42 effectors Ste20, Cla4, and Skm1 down-regulate the expression of genes involved in sterol uptake by a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. Mol Biol Cell 20(22):4826-37	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

High-throughput Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-05-04	Ptacek J, et al.  (2005) Global analysis of protein phosphorylation in yeast. Nature 438(7068):679-84	SGD

High-throughput Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cellular bud site selection	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-10-10	Ni L and Snyder M  (2001) A genomic study of the bipolar bud site selection pattern in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 12(7):2147-70	SGD
protein phosphorylation	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-05-04	Ptacek J, et al.  (2005) Global analysis of protein phosphorylation in yeast. Nature 438(7068):679-84	SGD

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
plasma membrane	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-04-29	Delom F, et al.  (2006) The plasma membrane proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its response to the antifungal calcofluor. Proteomics 6(10):3029-39	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR017441, EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR008271 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0723 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0808 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011009 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cell cycle	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0131 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290, EBI:IPR008271 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
response to pheromone	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0589 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0086 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0963 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).