This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2003-10-28    Molecular Function | Biological Process

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-08-14 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-08-14	Nath N, et al.  (2003) Yeast Pak1 kinase associates with and activates Snf1. Mol Cell Biol 23(11):3909-17	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-08-14	Hong SP, et al.  (2003) Activation of yeast Snf1 and mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase by upstream kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(15):8839-43	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-08-14 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-08-14	Elbing K, et al.  (2006) Purification and characterization of the three Snf1-activating kinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 393(Pt 3):797-805	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA-dependent DNA replication	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2001-01-18	Hovland PG, et al.  (1997) Overexpression of the protein kinase Pak1 suppresses yeast DNA polymerase mutations. Mol Gen Genet 256(1):45-53	SGD
glucose metabolic process	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2005-05-12 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2005-05-12	Hedbacker K, et al.  (2004) Pak1 protein kinase regulates activation and nuclear localization of Snf1-Gal83 protein kinase. Mol Cell Biol 24(18):8255-63	SGD
protein phosphorylation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-08-14 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-08-14	Nath N, et al.  (2003) Yeast Pak1 kinase associates with and activates Snf1. Mol Cell Biol 23(11):3909-17	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Hovland PG, et al.  (1997) Overexpression of the protein kinase Pak1 suppresses yeast DNA polymerase mutations. Mol Gen Genet 256(1):45-53	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TOS3, SGD:ELM1 Assigned on 2007-08-14 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-08-14	Hong SP, et al.  (2003) Activation of yeast Snf1 and mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase by upstream kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(15):8839-43	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-08-14 IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-08-14	Elbing K, et al.  (2006) Purification and characterization of the three Snf1-activating kinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 393(Pt 3):797-805	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

High-throughput Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-05-04	Ptacek J, et al.  (2005) Global analysis of protein phosphorylation in yeast. Nature 438(7068):679-84	SGD

High-throughput Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein phosphorylation	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2012-05-04	Ptacek J, et al.  (2005) Global analysis of protein phosphorylation in yeast. Nature 438(7068):679-84	SGD

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-10-28	Huh WK, et al.  (2003) Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast. Nature 425(6959):686-91	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR017441, EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR008271 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0723 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0808 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011009 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290, EBI:IPR008271 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0086 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0963 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).