This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2009-11-11    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
single-stranded DNA binding	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Bailly V, et al.  (1994) Specific complex formation between yeast RAD6 and RAD18 proteins: a potential mechanism for targeting RAD6 ubiquitin-conjugating activity to DNA damage sites. Genes Dev 8(7):811-20	SGD
contributes_to single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Bailly V, et al.  (1997) Yeast DNA repair proteins Rad6 and Rad18 form a heterodimer that has ubiquitin conjugating, DNA binding, and ATP hydrolytic activities. J Biol Chem 272(37):23360-5	SGD
ubiquitin-protein ligase activity	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction with SGD:RAD6 Assigned on 2009-11-11	Bailly V, et al.  (1994) Specific complex formation between yeast RAD6 and RAD18 proteins: a potential mechanism for targeting RAD6 ubiquitin-conjugating activity to DNA damage sites. Genes Dev 8(7):811-20	SGD
	IPI: Inferred from Physical Interaction with SGD:POL30 Assigned on 2009-11-11	Hoege C, et al.  (2002) RAD6-dependent DNA repair is linked to modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO. Nature 419(6903):135-41	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
error-free postreplication DNA repair	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MMS2 Assigned on 2009-11-11	Broomfield S, et al.  (1998) MMS2, encoding a ubiquitin-conjugating-enzyme-like protein, is a member of the yeast error-free postreplication repair pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(10):5678-83	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:RAD5, SGD:POL30 Assigned on 2009-11-11	Xiao W, et al.  (2000) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6 group is composed of an error-prone and two error-free postreplication repair pathways. Genetics 155(4):1633-41	SGD
error-free translesion synthesis	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:RAD30 Assigned on 2009-11-11	McDonald JP, et al.  (1997) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD30 gene, a homologue of Escherichia coli dinB and umuC, is DNA damage inducible and functions in a novel error-free postreplication repair mechanism. Genetics 147(4):1557-68	SGD
error-prone translesion synthesis	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:REV3 Assigned on 2009-11-11	Huang ME, et al.  (2002) Pol32, a subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase delta, suppresses genomic deletions and is involved in the mutagenic bypass pathway. Genetics 160(4):1409-22	SGD
	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:RAD1, SGD:REV3 Assigned on 2009-11-11	Minesinger BK and Jinks-Robertson S  (2005) Roles of RAD6 epistasis group members in spontaneous polzeta-dependent translesion synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 169(4):1939-55	SGD
protein monoubiquitination	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2009-11-11	Hoege C, et al.  (2002) RAD6-dependent DNA repair is linked to modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO. Nature 419(6903):135-41	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nuclear chromatin	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-08-06	Ulrich HD and Jentsch S  (2000) Two RING finger proteins mediate cooperation between ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in DNA repair. EMBO J 19(13):3388-97	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-11-11	Ulrich HD and Jentsch S  (2000) Two RING finger proteins mediate cooperation between ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in DNA repair. EMBO J 19(13):3388-97	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

There are no High-throughput annotations for RAD18

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
damaged DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004580 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0238 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
ligase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0436 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
metal ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0479 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleic acid binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR003034 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
zinc ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR001841 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004580 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0234 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein ubiquitination	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with UniPathway:UPA00143 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2012) Gene Ontology annotation based on UniPathway vocabulary mapping.	UniPathway
response to DNA damage stimulus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0227 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR004580 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).