This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2004-03-11    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein kinase activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-03-11	Mallory JC and Petes TD  (2000) Protein kinase activity of Tel1p and Mec1p, two Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins related to the human ATM protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(25):13749-54	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-10-04	Morrison AJ, et al.  (2007) Mec1/Tel1 phosphorylation of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex influences DNA damage checkpoint responses. Cell 130(3):499-511	SGD
DNA recombination	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Grushcow JM, et al.  (1999) Saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint genes MEC1, RAD17 and RAD24 are required for normal meiotic recombination partner choice. Genetics 153(2):607-20	SGD
DNA replication	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-05	Merrill BJ and Holm C  (1999) A requirement for recombinational repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is caused by DNA replication defects of mec1 mutants. Genetics 153(2):595-605	SGD
histone phosphorylation	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TEL1 Assigned on 2007-07-30 IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2007-07-30	Downs JA, et al.  (2000) A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H2A in DNA repair. Nature 408(6815):1001-4	SGD
nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2001-11-01	Desany BA, et al.  (1998) Recovery from DNA replicational stress is the essential function of the S-phase checkpoint pathway. Genes Dev 12(18):2956-70	SGD
reciprocal meiotic recombination	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2002-08-06	Grushcow JM, et al.  (1999) Saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint genes MEC1, RAD17 and RAD24 are required for normal meiotic recombination partner choice. Genetics 153(2):607-20	SGD
telomere maintenance	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-07-12	Takata H, et al.  (2005) Late S phase-specific recruitment of Mre11 complex triggers hierarchical assembly of telomere replication proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell 17(4):573-83	SGD
telomere maintenance via recombination	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TLC1 Assigned on 2007-02-22	Grandin N and Charbonneau M  (2007) Control of the yeast telomeric senescence survival pathways of recombination by the Mec1 and Mec3 DNA damage sensors and RPA. Nucleic Acids Res 35(3):822-38	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IC: Inferred By Curator from DNA damage checkpoint Assigned on 2003-01-31	Choy JS and Kron SJ  (2002) NuA4 subunit Yng2 function in intra-S-phase DNA damage response. Mol Cell Biol 22(23):8215-25	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
mitochondrion	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2006-12-12	Reinders J, et al.  (2006) Toward the complete yeast mitochondrial proteome: multidimensional separation techniques for mitochondrial proteomics. J Proteome Res 5(7):1543-54	SGD
	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2004-09-28	Sickmann A, et al.  (2003) The proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(23):13207-12	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000403, EBI:IPR018936 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR012993, EBI:IPR027011 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0723 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0808 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011009 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
chromatin modification	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0156 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
DNA damage checkpoint	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR027011 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR027011 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR027011 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0234 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
meiosis	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0469 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
reciprocal meiotic recombination	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR027011 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
response to DNA damage stimulus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0227 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
mitochondrion	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR027011 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR027011 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).