This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2002-10-01    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-03-19	Gaskell LJ, et al.  (2007) Mus81 cleavage of Holliday junctions: a failsafe for processing meiotic recombination intermediates? EMBO J 26(7):1891-901	SGD
endonuclease activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2002-10-01	Kaliraman V, et al.  (2001) Functional overlap between Sgs1-Top3 and the Mms4-Mus81 endonuclease. Genes Dev 15(20):2730-40	SGD
transcription coactivator activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Xiao W, et al.  (1998) Mms4, a putative transcriptional (co)activator, protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from endogenous and environmental DNA damage. Mol Gen Genet 257(6):614-23	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA repair	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Xiao W, et al.  (1998) Mms4, a putative transcriptional (co)activator, protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from endogenous and environmental DNA damage. Mol Gen Genet 257(6):614-23	SGD
DNA topological change	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:TOP2, SGD:TOP3, SGD:TOP1, SGD:SGS1 Assigned on 2006-08-04	Mullen JR, et al.  (2001) Requirement for three novel protein complexes in the absence of the Sgs1 DNA helicase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 157(1):103-18	SGD
reciprocal meiotic recombination	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2002-10-01	Kaliraman V, et al.  (2001) Functional overlap between Sgs1-Top3 and the Mms4-Mus81 endonuclease. Genes Dev 15(20):2730-40	SGD
	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2008-08-19	Mancera E, et al.  (2008) High-resolution mapping of meiotic crossovers and non-crossovers in yeast. Nature 454(7203):479-85	SGD
regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:SGS1 Assigned on 2009-04-09	Oh SD, et al.  (2008) RecQ helicase, Sgs1, and XPF family endonuclease, Mus81-Mms4, resolve aberrant joint molecules during meiotic recombination. Mol Cell 31(3):324-36	SGD
resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction with SGD:MUS81, SGD:SGS1 Assigned on 2009-04-09	Jessop L and Lichten M  (2008) Mus81/Mms4 endonuclease and Sgs1 helicase collaborate to ensure proper recombination intermediate metabolism during meiosis. Mol Cell 31(3):313-23	SGD
response to DNA damage stimulus	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2006-08-04	Mullen JR, et al.  (2001) Requirement for three novel protein complexes in the absence of the Sgs1 DNA helicase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 157(1):103-18	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
Holliday junction resolvase complex	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2007-03-19	Gaskell LJ, et al.  (2007) Mus81 cleavage of Holliday junctions: a failsafe for processing meiotic recombination intermediates? EMBO J 26(7):1891-901	SGD
nucleus	ISS: Inferred from Sequence or structural Similarity Assigned on 2001-01-18	Xiao W, et al.  (1998) Mms4, a putative transcriptional (co)activator, protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from endogenous and environmental DNA damage. Mol Gen Genet 257(6):614-23	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

There are no High-throughput annotations for MMS4

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006166 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
endonuclease activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0255 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
hydrolase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0378 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
metal ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0479 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nuclease activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006166 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0540 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
DNA metabolic process	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006166 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
DNA recombination	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0233 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
DNA repair	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0234 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
meiosis	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0469 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR006166 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	GOC
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0540 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	GOC
response to DNA damage stimulus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0227 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
nucleus	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:SL-0191 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on the manual assignment of UniProtKB Subcellular Location terms in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0539 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).