This page displays GO annotations in different sections according to the annotation method used to add that annotation to SGD.

Last Reviewed on: 2003-08-21    Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Manually curated Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
protein kinase C activity	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Watanabe M, et al.  (1994) Saccharomyces cerevisiae PKC1 encodes a protein kinase C (PKC) homolog with a substrate specificity similar to that of mammalian PKC. J Biol Chem 269(24):16829-36	SGD

Manually curated Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
actin filament organization	IGI: Inferred from Genetic Interaction Assigned on 2003-08-21	Dong Y, et al.  (2003) Formin-dependent actin assembly is regulated by distinct modes of Rho signaling in yeast. J Cell Biol 161(6):1081-92	SGD
cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-02-17	Luo G, et al.  (2011) Nutrients and the Pkh1/2 and Pkc1 Protein Kinases Control mRNA Decay and P-body Assembly in Yeast. J Biol Chem 286(11):8759-70	SGD
fungal-type cell wall organization	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Levin DE, et al.  (1994) Dissecting the protein kinase C/MAP kinase signalling pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Mol Biol Res 40(3):229-39	SGD
intracellular protein kinase cascade	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Levin DE, et al.  (1994) Dissecting the protein kinase C/MAP kinase signalling pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Mol Biol Res 40(3):229-39	SGD
peroxisome degradation	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2010-05-04	Manjithaya R, et al.  (2010) A yeast MAPK cascade regulates pexophagy but not other autophagy pathways. J Cell Biol 189(2):303-10	SGD
protein phosphorylation	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2001-01-18	Watanabe M, et al.  (1994) Saccharomyces cerevisiae PKC1 encodes a protein kinase C (PKC) homolog with a substrate specificity similar to that of mammalian PKC. J Biol Chem 269(24):16829-36	SGD
regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2011-02-17	Luo G, et al.  (2011) Nutrients and the Pkh1/2 and Pkc1 Protein Kinases Control mRNA Decay and P-body Assembly in Yeast. J Biol Chem 286(11):8759-70	SGD
signal transduction	IMP: Inferred from Mutant Phenotype Assigned on 2001-01-18	Levin DE, et al.  (1994) Dissecting the protein kinase C/MAP kinase signalling pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Mol Biol Res 40(3):229-39	SGD

Manually curated Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cytoplasm	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-05-03	Nanduri J and Tartakoff AM  (2001) The arrest of secretion response in yeast: signaling from the secretory path to the nucleus via Wsc proteins and Pkc1p. Mol Cell 8(2):281-9	SGD
cytoskeleton	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-08-08	Nita-Lazar M and Lennarz WJ  (2005) Pkc1p modifies CPY* degradation in the ERAD pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332(2):357-61	SGD
nucleus	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2005-05-03	Nanduri J and Tartakoff AM  (2001) The arrest of secretion response in yeast: signaling from the secretory path to the nucleus via Wsc proteins and Pkc1p. Mol Cell 8(2):281-9	SGD
site of polarized growth	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2003-04-30	Andrews PD and Stark MJ  (2000) Dynamic, Rho1p-dependent localization of Pkc1p to sites of polarized growth. J Cell Sci 113 ( Pt 15):2685-93	SGD

* Manually curated GO annotations reflect our best understanding of the basic molecular function, biological process, and cellular component for this gene product. Manually curated annotations are assigned by SGD curators based on published papers when available, or by curatorial statements if necessary. Curators periodically review all Manually curated GO annotations for accuracy and completeness. The "Last Reviewed on:" date at the top of this section indicates when these annotations were last reviewed.

Cellular Component

High-throughput Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
plasma membrane	IDA: Inferred from Direct Assay Assigned on 2009-04-29	Delom F, et al.  (2006) The plasma membrane proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its response to the antifungal calcofluor. Proteomics 6(10):3029-39	SGD

** GO annotations from High-throughput experiments are made based on a variety of large scale high-throughput experiments, including genome-wide experiments. Many of these annotations are made based on GO annotations (or mappings to GO annotations) assigned by the authors, rather than SGD curators. While SGD curators read these publications and often work closely with authors to incorporate the information, each individual annotation may not necessarily be reviewed by a curator. GO Annotations from high-throughput experiments will be assigned only when this type of data is available, and thus may not be assigned in all three aspects of the Gene Ontologies.

Molecular Function | Biological Process | Cellular Component

Computational Molecular Function
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
ATP binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR017441, EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290, EBI:IPR017892, EBI:IPR000961 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0067 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
metal ion binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0479 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
nucleotide binding	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0547 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
protein kinase C activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with IUBMB:2.7.11.13 Last updated 2013-03-02	GOA curators and MGI curators  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation based on Enzyme Commission mapping.	UniProtKB
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR017892, EBI:IPR008271, EBI:IPR000961 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0723 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0808 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011009 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Biological Process
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
cell cycle	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0131 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
intracellular signal transduction	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR002219 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:KW-0418 Last updated 2013-03-02	UniProt-GOA  (2011) Gene Ontology annotation based on manual assignment of UniProtKB keywords in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entries.	UniProtKB
protein phosphorylation	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR000719, EBI:IPR002290, EBI:IPR017892, EBI:IPR008271, EBI:IPR000961 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro
signal transduction	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011072 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

Computational Cellular Component
Annotation(s)	Evidence	Reference(s)	Assigned By
intracellular	IEA: Inferred from Electronic Annotation with EBI:IPR011072 Last updated 2013-03-02	DDB, et al.  (2001) Gene Ontology annotation through association of InterPro records with GO terms.	InterPro

*** Computational GO Annotations are predictions. These annotations are NOT reviewed by a curator. Currently, all computational GO annotations for S. cerevisiae are assigned by an external source (for example, the Gene Ontology Annotation (GOA) project of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI)).